The purpose of the study was to investigate the effect of conceptual change-oriented instruction accompanied by computer-based interactive conceptual change text (CBICCT) on 11th grade students understanding of electrochemistry. The study was conducted in a high school in Ankara with 66 students enrolled in two science classes. A quasi-experimental design was used. The classes were assigned to groups; one as a control group and the other as an experimental group. While the control group was given traditional instruction, the experimental group was given conceptual change-oriented instruction accompanied by CBICCT. The Electrochemistry Concept Test (ECT) was administered before and after treatment. To investigate possible covariates, the Science Process Skills Test (SPST) was administered after treatment. The gain scores of ECT were analyzed with two-way ANCOVA when SPST scores were controlled as covariates, and the results showed that the experimental group developed a significantly better understanding of concepts than the control group. The results also showed that there was no mean difference between males and females and no interaction effect between instruction method and gender.

The purpose of this study was to develop a valid and theoretically sound 21st century skills-based mathematics learning model. Plomp's research and development theory and Nieveen's criteria were used to ensure the quality and reliability of the model. The model development process includes Initial Investigation, Design, and Realization/Construction. Data were collected from six schools through various instruments such as observation sheets, documents, 21st century skills tests, and interview guides. Model validation involved the participation of five experts. A blended data analysis approach was used to ensure a comprehensive understanding of the findings. The result of this study is a 21st century skills-based mathematics learning model named Model 21-BML. The model consists of five interconnected core components: Learning Syntax, Social System, Reaction Principles, Support System, and Instructional and Accompanying Impacts. The uniqueness of this model lies in the seven integrated learning trajectories: Object translation, decomposition, cognitive construction, cognitive development, communication, reflection, and extension. After going through a rigorous validation process, the five experts confirmed the high validity of the 21-BML Model. This model not only enhances innovative mathematics learning theory, but also provides practical alternatives for mathematics teachers to encourage the development of 21st century skills in students. The model is expected to make a significant contribution in bridging the gap between traditional mathematics education and the competency demands of the modern era, as well.

The aim of this study is to find out the preferences of students (150) in the first year of the study of the Preschool and Primary Education programme. The data was collected using a questionnaire in the first seminar focusing on science content (a course called Science Propaedeutics) to determine the preferences of pre-service teachers. The aim was to find out the (un)popularity of STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering, Mathematics) education covering the subjects of Biology, Physics, Mathematics, Technology and Chemistry in Slovakia. The results showed that students are interested in science education. The findings also showed that students prefer more biological topics (humans and plants) and less physics, chemistry, and mathematics. They also preferred topics that they knew from everyday life. The results revealed a negative correlation between students' concerns about teaching science in their future practice and their interest in science education. We found it necessary to connect the topics to everyday life and avoid mathematical calculations. So we can increase their interest in these areas/issues in the Science Propaedeutics course.

This paper examined socio-scientific issues-related literature in science education over the past two decades, from 2004 to 2023, to enhance researchers' understanding of research trends. To this end, the Scopus database was utilized to search for articles on socio-scientific issues published from 2004 to 2023. According to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 288 articles were chosen for the data collection. The analysis was conducted utilizing VOSviewer software. The results show that the number of articles on socio-scientific issues in science education is steadily increasing. The most substantial growth in the number of articles was recorded in the last four years before 2024. The United States is the leader in the publication of articles. The number of citations demonstrates that the United States, Germany, and Sweden are the leading countries. The ten journals with the highest citations are ranked in the Q1 category. The research trends identified five clusters: a) decision-making, b) decision-making and argumentation practices, c) climate change, d) inquiry-based learning and the nature of science, and e) scientific literacy. Furthermore, the findings show that recent research in the context of socio-scientific issues has focused on STEM education. In light of the findings, I propose recommendations for future research.

Recently, in Indonesia, project-based learning (PjBL) has been used as an alternative approach in the teaching and learning process. Research on PjBL has been widely conducted in many countries at various levels. In most previous studies, PjBL was used to improve students' competence in certain math subjects. This study uses a case study research method to determine the effectiveness of PjBL at university in improving pre-service teachers' PCK. The research was carried out in 2022 involving fourteen mathematics education study program students selected by purposive sampling. The instruments used consisted of observation sheets, tests, and questionnaires. During the PjBL activity, participants were given a project to develop teaching materials for geometric transformation using certain teaching-learning strategies. The results of the study show that PjBL can improve students' PCK ability, although participants face several obstacles related to commitment to completing projects on time. Therefore, PjBL can be applied in the teaching-learning process to support professional mathematics teachers.

This research based on community service aims to evaluate the effectiveness of the science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) approach in strengthening the literacy and numeracy learning profile of students at Eakkapapsasanawich Islamic School Thailand. The research employs a quantitative research approach with a single-group pre-test and post-test control design. The research sample consists of two groups: an experimental group receiving STEM-based instruction and a control group receiving conventional instruction. The total number of students involved in this study is 60, with each group comprising 30 students. Data collection techniques include pre-test and post-test assessments involving literacy and numeracy-related questions relevant to the school curriculum. Data analysis is conducted using descriptive statistical methods and independent t-test to compare test results between the experimental and control groups. The results indicate that students who received instruction with the STEM approach experienced a significant improvement in numeracy literacy compared to those who received conventional instruction. The average scores of the final test in the experimental group were significantly higher than those in the control group. Statistical analysis also reveals a significant difference between the two groups in terms of improvement in numeracy literacy scores. This suggests that the STEM approach is effective in enhancing the literacy and numeracy learning profile of students.

The study investigated the impact of the first principle approach (FPA) on students’ performance in determining limiting reagents in chemical stoichiometry. A quasi-experimental design, involving 120 science students from two colleges of education in Ghana, was adopted. Sixty (60) students each were randomly assigned to the experimental group (EG), which was taught using FPA, and the control group (CG), which followed traditional teaching approach (TTA). Data on students’ entry knowledge (EK) and their performance on algorithmic problems (AP) and conceptual problems (CP) were collected and analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. The mean scores for EK were moderate for both groups (EG: 66.00%; CG: 68.30%). After treatments, there was no statistically significant difference in the groups’ performance on AP. However, the EG significantly outperformed the CG on CP, indicating that FPA enhanced students’ conceptual understanding of limiting reagents. The findings suggest that FPA is an effective teaching strategy for fostering deeper conceptual understanding and problem-solving skills in stoichiometry. This study highlights the importance of incorporating FPA into chemistry education to improve students’ ability to determine limiting reagents.

As skills-gap between available skills and in-demand skills in the Solar Energy Technology Sector (SETS) continues to expand due to rapid growth of the sector, the need for Higher Education Institutions (HEIs) to design and run critical Solar Energy Technology Training (SETechTra) modules has become imperative. Informed by the findings from SETechTra project – which includes extensive literature reviews, stakeholder interviews, observations, feedback from pilot model involving circa 1500 students from schools/colleges across four European countries, this article reports on a developed strategic undergraduate (UG) 30-credit module. The module is designed to embed in-demand skills in SETS within students enrolled upon wider Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) courses. The contents of the module comprise learning and teaching activities engineered to embed key identified academic, industrial, and entrepreneurial in-demand skills in SETS in STEM UG students. Formative and summative assessments are the implemented assessment strategy used to evaluate the effectiveness and impact of the module in the pilot model. Analysis of feedback from the pilot model demonstrations indicates significant positive impact, giving a promising indication of wider applicability to HEIs across Europe interested in fast-tracking production of more SETS industry-ready graduates.

Immersion is an essential technical feature of immersive virtual reality (VR) environments, which can affect various learning and psychological outcomes. However, limited research has studied the impact of immersion via multiple mechanisms. In this study, we investigated the effects of immersion in a VR science learning environment using two different mechanisms, delivery format and sound stimuli, on various cognitive and psychological outcomes, including learning, cognitive load, self-efficacy, presence, enjoyment, and usefulness. Through a 2 (delivery format: immersive VR vs. Desktop VR) x 2 (sound stimuli: yes vs. no) design, one hundred and twenty participants experienced one of four versions of a VR tour on nature-based science learning, including an immersive VR (iVR) tour with or without sound, and a desktop VR (dVR) tour with or without sound. Both quantitative and qualitative data were collected. Results indicated that dVR groups rated significantly higher than the iVR groups on perceived learning, presence, self-efficacy, and usefulness, regardless of sound stimuli. However, neither immersion mechanism impacted knowledge retention, cognitive load, or perceived enjoyment. Meanwhile, all groups significantly improved self-efficacy after their condition-dependent VR experience. Qualitative data from participant responses provided additional perspectives on the quantitative findings. This research fills a gap in the limited existing literature by investigating immersion through multiple mechanisms in VR learning environments. The findings offer both theoretical and practical implications for researchers and practitioners.

Multimedia instructional strategies (MIS) have been shown to significantly enhance learners’ academic performance in mastering challenging chemistry concepts. However, few studies have specifically investigated using MIS to enhance students’ conceptual understanding of molecular hybridisation. This study employed a nonequivalent two-group pre-test/post-test quasi-experimental design to determine the impact of MIS on students’ conceptual understanding of hybridisation. Data were collected from 60 second-year senior high school students using a diagnostic test and an interview guide. Pre-tests and post-tests were administered to two intact classes of 30 students each: one served as the experimental group and the other, the control group,  purposively sampled from two different schools. The results revealed that students in the experimental group (taught using MIS) achieved significantly higher post-test scores than those in the control group (taught using conventional methods). Additionally, the experimental group exhibited a significant improvement from pre-test to post-test scores, whereas the control group’s pre-test and post-test scores did not differ significantly. Moreover, MIS was highly interactive, promoted student interest, and enhanced students’ understanding of hybridisation. Therefore, the study recommends that science educators incorporate MIS into their instruction to improve students’ conceptual understanding of other abstract chemistry concepts. The implications of these findings are discussed in detail, highlighting the potential of MIS in chemistry education.